Class II

Class II problems represent the vast majority of bite problems we encounter.  It is an abnormal bite relationship which is characterized by the upper teeth projecting out in front of the lower teeth.  This type of problem is best treated early in life since skeletal growth is often required for a complete correction.  The orthodontist influences facial growth with the use of proper appliance therapy to achieve the correction. Genetic influences as well as finger sucking habits tend to significantly compound this type of problem.

Class III

Class III problems are often genetically determined.  In this situation the lower jaw projects out in front of the upper jaw (the opposite of a Class II) Facially the appearance may give the impression that the lower jaw is excessivly large, but in many cases the lack of upper jaw development is at fault.

Crossbites

Crossbites usually result from a narrow upper jaw which will often force a person to move their lower jaw to the side when closing (called a functional shift) This relationship causes the lower teeth to be located outside of the upper teeth allowing the teeth to function improperly, creating a facial asymmetry .

Crowding

Crowding results from a discrepancy in the size of the teeth as they relate to the size of the jaws. This is one of the most common types of problems associated with orthodontic care. aside from esthetic considerations poor alignment of teeth may be associated with periodontal problems and an increased risk of dental decay.

Spacing

Similar to crowding spacing may often be related to a tooth to jaw size disharmony.  The gum tissue attachment called the "frenum' is a common cause of spacing between the two front teeth. Generalized spacing is often a significant cosmetic concern.

Deepbite

This is an excessive vertical overlapping of the top front teeth over the bottom teeth and is generally seen in conjunction with a Class II bite discrepancy.  It often results in excessive eruption of the upper incisors and potential damage to the gum tissues behind the upper teeth. Other associated problems include a "gummy smile", lip protrusion and excessive incisor wear.

Openbite

An openbite often occurs in patients with a persistent habit such as finger sucking or tongue thrusting, which causes a lack of vertical overlap of the front teeth.  These patients are unable to incise food since only the back molar teeth are in contact.  This can lead to excessive wear of the posterior teeth.  Early assesment and intervention is critcal to the overall success of the correction.